- 15 years ago, nobody expected that chronic gastritis is due to Helicobacter pylori infection.
- H pylori infection also is strongly associated with gastric carcinoma & gastric MALT lymphoma in addition of peptic ulcer disease.
- during H. pylori infection, the level of IL8 (interleukin 8) is highly elevated.
- H. pylori exclusively colonises gastric-type epithelium and is only found in the duodenum in association with patches of gastric metaplasia.
- ulcers only occur in the presence of acid & pepsin; they are never found in achlorhydric patients but almost always occur in patients with the zollinger-ellison syndromenaam.
- chronic autoimmune gastritis (aka atrophic gastritis or extensive multifocal atrophy) is an endemic in japan. in this disease, certain antibodies are produced against host gastric parietal cells, leads to hypochorhydria & pernicious anemia (parietal cells play an important role in maintaining gastric acidity & producing intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption).
- zollinger-ellison syndrome is characterized by extreme gastric hyperacidity due to overstimulation of the acid secretion mechanism.
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